In 1992 the European Union introduced the "EU citizenship". This term represents the fundamental and human rights that all citizens and residents of the EU member states have. The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union enshrines certain political, social, and economic rights for European Union’s citizens and residents under EU law. It was drafted and officially proclaimed in 2000, but its legal status was then uncertain and it did not have full legal effect until the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon on 1 December 2009.
- Greater Protection for Workers:
The European Working Time Directive is an EU initiative designed to
protect workers from exploitation by employers.
The directive lays down regulations on matters such as how many breaks
an employee can take, and how many holidays they are entitled to each
year. It also aims to limit the average time an employee can be
compelled to work to 48 hours a week.
- More Jobs:
For example, it is estimated the 3.5 million British jobs are dependent on
Britain's membership of the EU. (Source: UK Jobs Dependent on the EU,
Brian Ardy, Iain Begg and Dermot Hodson, European Institute, South
Bank University).
- Money for Development:
The EU is working to develop deprived regions of Europe. Such areas
might for example have high numbers of people unemployed, or be rural
areas without many facilities, like good roads. This development is
carried out using 'European Structural Funds'.
- Greater Equality and Social Inclusion:
The EU has done a lot of work to raise the standard of equality for
its citizens. Through EU directives, citizens are protected from
employment discrimination on the basis of gender, sexual orientation,
religion or belief, disability and age.
- Protection of the Environment:
The Environment knows no border and so the only effective way to
tackle environmental pollution is through international co-operation
and action. For example, the UK has cleaner water, cleaner air and cleaner
beaches because of action at the EU level.
- Free Movement of Citizens:
European citizens and residents (with certain restrictions) have the freedom to live, work, study, and travel in
any other EU country.